Complete Study Of Suprathermal Oxygen Atoms In Mars Exosphere Over The Range Of Limiting Conditions

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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As a part of a global effort, the dynamics of the flow of energetic particles through the Martian upper atmosphere has been studied. Being the most important reaction, the dissociative recombination (DR) of O2+ is responsible of most of the production of hot atomic oxygen deep in the thermosphere of Mars. To understand the Martian exosphere, it is then necessary to employ a global kinetic model which can include a self-consistent description of both thermosphere collisional region and exospheric collisionless domain. In this study, we have used our Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model in combination with the 3D Mars Thermosphere General Circulation Model (MTGCM) of Bougher et al. to describe self-consistently the region of the upper thermosphere where the exosphere is generated, the entire exosphere, and its feedback into the thermosphere generally.
Along with the effect of ionization, the DSMC method allows us to provide profiles of density and temperature, atmospheric loss rates and return fluxes as functions of the Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) for all cases considered. To present a complete description of this physical problem, several of the most limiting cases spanning spatial and temporal domains were examined. Atmospheric escape was studied and compared for the present but also earlier Mars epochs characterized by different solar inputs (x1, x3, x5 and x6 EUV) for Equinox solar minimum/maximum conditions, allowing estimating water loss over Martian History. Results of 3D neutral exosphere simulations will also be presented and discussed for the first time.
Support for this work comes from NASA Mars Fundamental Research grant NNG05GL80G.

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