Comparison of high resolution Digital Elevation Models

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

We report a comparison of two high resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the same area. The multi-spectral High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), developed by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and applied in two airborne surveys, provides very high resolution DEMs and digital multi-spectral images. The MARS96 international space mission developed the HRSC for the exploration of Mars. After the launch failed in November 1996, a modified camera was successfully developed for earth observation applications. In November 1998 the DLR carried out a remote sensing survey of the lower Feale catchment in southwest Ireland using the airborne multi-spectral High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC-A). The first very high-resolution digital multi-spectral airborne stereo camera provided high-resolution (100 cm, 50 cm, 20 cm) radiometrically and geometrically calibrated digital elevation models and images of an area of 200 km^2. The HRSC-Airborne provided high-resolution digital images in the red, green and blue (RGB) bands, as well as the near infrared (nIR) band and the panchromatic (false-colour) visible band. The system also collected and processed high-resolution stereo images for the generation of digital elevation models. Interference by clouds reduced the coverage achieved in the first survey. To fill the most important gaps, a second digital aerial survey covering a smaller (80 km^2) central portion of the catchment was carried out in May 2001. The second campaign used the German Aerospace Centre HRSC-AX system. The "AX" (Airborne, Extended-Generation) version of the HRSC has been in commercial operation since late 2000 and produces similar very high resolution (100 cm, 50 cm, 15 cm) DEMs and multi-spectral ortho-rectified images. Both DEMs were geo-referenced to the Irish National Grid to a relative accuracy of 20 cm in all three directions. The datasets were taken in different periods of the year: Nov 1998 at the end of growing season, and May 2001 early in the growing season. They present contrasting differences in vegetation. We have processed, analyzed and compared the two datasets using ERMapper, the remote sensing image processing software, and Arc View GIS software. The effects of vegetation and other human activities demonstrated by the images are presented and discussed. We have used the DEMs for building very high resolution hydrologic/hydraulic/hydrodynamic models of the lower Feale system.

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