Comparison of DEMs Derived from InSAR and Optical Stereo Techniques

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Optical stereo and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques were used to process the IRS-1C PAN stereo and ERS-1&2 tandem data respectively over Koyna and Mumbai test sites for digital elevation model (DEM) generation. For processing the data sets of optical stereo and InSAR, PCI OrthoEngine and Gamma softwares were used respectively. Heights from Survey of India topomaps (SOI) and GPS were used as ground control points in the process of DEM generation. A comparison was made between the DEMs of optical stereo and InSAR. It is observed that RMS error in the estimation of height of GCPs are 20 m and 9 m using optical stereo and InSAR respectively for Koyna test site. The same for Mumbai test site are 11 m and 16 m for the two techniques. By selecting random points from SOI maps, the RMS errors for koyna test site are 16 m and 30 m in height for optical stereo and InSAR respectively. The same for Mumbai test site using GPS data are 10 m and 13 m respectively. The DEMs were also compared in terms of contours drawn with an interval of 20 m. From the contours, we observed that optical stereo gave better contours than that of InSAR for Koyna test site. However, for Mumbai test site, the contours from InSAR are better than that of optical stereo. To exploit the com plementarities of the two techniques, DEMs were fused by replacing holes in the InSAR data with the DEM derived from optical stereo technique. We did not observe much change in the contours of InSAR DEM after fusion. It is concluded that better data sets are required for DEM generation using optical stereo. Using better phase unwrapping techniques, one may get better DEM using InSAR technique.

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