Comparison and Contrast of Solar Maximum and the Approach to Solar Minimum: Coronal Mass Ejections and Recurrent High-Speed Solar Wind Streams and Their Geospace Consequences

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2111 Ejecta, Driver Gases, And Magnetic Clouds, 2784 Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions, 7513 Coronal Mass Ejections, 7536 Solar Activity Cycle (2162)

Scientific paper

The similarities and differences of the connected Sun-Earth system over the course of the 11-year solar cycle are considered. The time of solar (sunspot) maximum is characterized by powerful solar transient events and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These aperiodic disturbances can cause nonrecurrent geomagnetic storms if the solar outputs strike the Earth. On the other hand, during the approach to sunspot minimum, the solar corona is characterized by large transequatorial coronal holes. Coronal holes can persist for many solar rotation periods. These are the source of powerful high-speed solar wind streams which drive strong geomagnetic activity (e.g., recurrent geomagnetic storms) and produce the most substantial observed enhancements of the Earth's radiation belts. The upcoming years from 2002 to 2005 should be the time of the strongest high-speed solar wind stream activity. We analyze the similarities and differences between space weather events during the solar maximum periods and the approach to solar minimum conditions using WIND, SAMPEX, POLAR, ACE, and other orbiting spacecraft.

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