Other
Scientific paper
Jan 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002iaf..confe.392c&link_type=abstract
IAF abstracts, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, The Second World Space Congress, held 10-19 October, 2002 in Houston, TX, USA.,
Other
Scientific paper
To examine patterns of commitment and compliance in the ISS Program reveals connections between trends in international relations and perceptions of the effectiveness of legal structures. Whether or not ISS Agreements are considered successful depends on who is asking the question and what are their cultural points of reference or more general bases of comparison. Non-binding agreements as soft law can create an environment of political pressure with the aim of influencing change in national laws, multilateral compliance or diverse commercial practices. Proposed ISS codes need to become enshrined if they are to be effective in compelling action of ISS Partners, entities or other interested participants. Mechanisms of compelling action have included for example, U.S. export restrictions on elements of science and technology, ESA Ministerial and European legislative backing of ESA action, Russian Partner support of space tourism, and also State action and meditative roles of other Partners. Fundamental judgments made on acceptable ethics and principles may be controversial, but also justify respect of agreements for more global reasons. The political reality is that without diverse mechanisms of effective persuasion, there is less incentive for adherence. This paper is an analysis of language as a reflection of exerted power with respect to science and technology and suggests innovative approaches to alternative dispute resolution applicable in this context.
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