Collisional Disruption of Ice by High-Velocity Impact

Details Collisional Disruption of Ice by High-Velocity Impact Collisional Disruption of Ice by High-Velocity Impact

Nov 1999

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999icar..142...34a&link_type=abstract

Icarus, Volume 142, Issue Icarus, pp. 34-45.

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Scientific paper

High-velocity impact among icy planetesimals is a physical phenomenon important to the planetary evolution process in the outer Solar System. In order to study this phenomenon, impact experiments on water ice were made by using a two-stage light gas gun installed in a cold room (-10 degC) to clarify the elementary processes of collisional disruption and to study the reaccumulation and the escape conditions of the impact fragments. Cubic ice targets ranging in size from 15 to 100 mm were impacted by a nylon projectile of 7 mg with an impact velocity (vi) from 2.3 to 4.7 km/s. The corresponding mass ratio of the projectile to the target (mp/Mt) ranged from 10-3 to 10-6, which is two orders of magnitude lower than that used in previous studies (Arakawa et al. 1995, Icarus 118, 341-354). As a result, we obtained data on elementary processes such as attenuation of the shock wave and fragmentation dynamics. We found that the shock pressure attenuates in the ice target according to the relation of P~(Lp/r2, irrespective of the mass ratio between 10-3 and 10-5, where Lp is the projectile size and r is a propagation distance. The largest fragment mass (ml) normalized by the original target mass has a good relationship to a nondimensional impact stress (PI, NDIS) defined as the ratio of the antipodal pressure to the material strength. This relationship is described as ml/Mt ~ PI-1.7 for a wide range of impact conditions (50 m/s20 km) reaccumulated. On the other hand, when smaller icy bodies (radius<2 km) disrupted catastrophically, all fragments escaped and a rubble pile was never formed.

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