Coherent-array HF Doppler sounding of traveling ionospheric disturbances. I - Basic technique

Computer Science – Sound

Scientific paper

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Ionospheric Sounding, Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances, Arrays, Doppler Effect, High Frequencies, Propagation Velocity, Velocity Measurement

Scientific paper

The paper presents an introduction to the use of phase-coherent, multireceiver HF Doppler sounding arrays for measuring the horizontal velocity of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs). The point of departure is the theorem of Pfister (1971) relating ray Doppler to ray zenith angle for a monostatic full reflection sounder. Retaining the simple model of a specular, smooth ionospheric reflector which is deformed by a propagating undulation, the theorem is first generalyzed to bistatic sounding geometry and then the effects of amplitude are included in addition to phase. Next, these results are cast into an algorithm for treating multireceiver phase sounders containing many diverse baselines, in order to obtain an accurate and unambiguous solution in the plane of wave slowness (inverse of velocity). The point spread function of this solution is controlled gy process bandwidth and by array geometry.

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