Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2005-06-03
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
3 pages, no figure; discussions added that low-energy gravitons can also serve as both dark matter and dark energy; references
Scientific paper
Massive gravity with second and fourth derivatives is shown to give both attractive and repulsive gravities. In contrast to the attractive gravity correlated with the energy-momentum tensor, the repulsive gravity is related to a fixed mass $m_x$, which equals a spin-dependent factor $f_\sigma$ times the graviton mass. Therefore, particles with energy below $m_x$ are both dark matter and dark energy: Their overall gravity is attractive with normal matter but repulsive among themselves. Detailed analyses reveal that this unified dark scenario can properly account for the observed dark matter/energy phenomena: galaxy rotation curves, transition from early cosmic deceleration to recent acceleration; and naturally overcome other dark scenarios' difficulties: the substructure and cuspy core problems, the difference of dark halo distributions in galaxies and clusters, and the cosmic coincidence. Very interestingly, Dirac particles have $f_\sigma=1/\sqrt 2$, all bosonic matter particles have $f_\sigma=0$, and the only exceptional boson is the graviton itself, which may have $f_\sigma>1$.
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