Computer Science
Scientific paper
Mar 1982
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1982natur.296...18k&link_type=abstract
Nature, vol. 296, Mar. 4, 1982, p. 18.
Computer Science
1
Aerosols, Atmospheric Circulation, Haze, Particle Size Distribution, Venus Atmosphere, Venus Clouds, Albedo, Atmospheric Composition, Cloud Cover, Meridional Flow, Sulfuric Acid, Ultraviolet Absorption, Zonal Flow (Meteorology), Venus, Clouds, Haze, Properties, Data, Polarimetry, Analysis, Optical Properties, Altitude, Temperatures, Depth, Density, Size, Diameter, Composition, Aerosols, Sulfuric Acid, Albedo, Infrared, Wavelengths, Ultraviolet, Absorption, Sulfur, Morphology, Lightning, Formation, Layers
Scientific paper
Characteristics of the planetary-scale cloud and haze system on Venus are discussed. The clouds have been found to be rather tenuous, with an average visibility of about 1 km, and the main cloud deck is at an altitude of 45-70 km. Haze layers, with optical depths from about 0.1 to 1 in., overlie and underlie the main cloud deck. A multi-modal cloud particle size distribution has been obtained, corresponding to populations of aerosols varying in composition with altitude, H2SO4 droplets, and larger particles including H2SO4 droplets and possibly crystals of unknown composition. The entire cloud system has an optical depth of 20-35 at visible wavelengths, a radiometric albedo increasing from 0.77 to 0.82 from equator to pole, single scattering albedoes from 0.995 in the upper cloud region to 0.999 in the lower clouds, and striking UV absorption contrasts. Although embedded in the zonal circulation at altitudes of greatest wind velocity and vertical shear, cloud particle growth is most strongly influenced by radiative exchanges.
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