Chemistry and isotopes of deep geothermal saline fluids in the Upper Rhine Graben: Origin of compounds and water-rock interactions

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Deep boreholes ( 870 m) in the Upper Rhine Graben produce medium-temperature (120-150°C) saline fluids that circulate through the granitic basement and/or the overlying sedimentary rocks. The salinity of these deep fluids, sampled from both the granite and the sedimentary rock, can be explained by a three-step model: 1. (1) evaporation of seawater which produces a primary brine; li(2) mixing between a dilute fluid and the primary brine; and 2. (3) dissolution of halite by the later fluid. The thermal waters sampled at shallower depths are the result of mixing of the deep saline fluid and surface water. Geothermometer calculations indicate that some of the deep fluids did reach high temperatures (up to 220-260°C). During cooliug, reactions between fluid and rock took place, but the fluids did not have enough time to reach complete equilibrium with the surrounding rock.

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