Capture Of Irregular Satellites During Planetary Encounters

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The irregular satellites of the Jovian planets are a population of 90+ currently known objects with large, inclined and eccentric orbits. Here we describe a new model for the origin of this population [1]. We propose that these objects were captured from the planetesimal disk during encounters between the Jovian planets in the model for outer planet migration advocated by [2]. Using numerical simulations we show that nearby planetesimals can be deflected into planet-bound orbits during planetary encounters, and that the overall efficiency of this capture process is large enough to produce populations of observed irregular satellites at Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter, which does not have encounters with other planets in [2], must have acquired its irregular satellites by a different mechanism. We also find that the original size-frequency distribution of the irregular satellites must have significantly evolved by collisions to produce their present populations.
[1] Nesvorny, Vokrouhlicky, Morbidelli 2007, AJ, 133, 1962
[2] Tsiganis, Gomes, Morbidelli, Levison 2005, Nature, 435, 459

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