Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2010-03-31
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 27, no. 1, pp30-42, January 2010
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
12 pages, 7 figures, 20 subfigures The title quoted in the meta-data is the title after release / final editing.
Scientific paper
10.1109/MSP.2009.934853
Instruments for radio astronomical observations have come a long way. While the first telescopes were based on very large dishes and 2-antenna interferometers, current instruments consist of dozens of steerable dishes, whereas future instruments will be even larger distributed sensor arrays with a hierarchy of phased array elements. For such arrays to provide meaningful output (images), accurate calibration is of critical importance. Calibration must solve for the unknown antenna gains and phases, as well as the unknown atmospheric and ionospheric disturbances. Future telescopes will have a large number of elements and a large field of view. In this case the parameters are strongly direction dependent, resulting in a large number of unknown parameters even if appropriately constrained physical or phenomenological descriptions are used. This makes calibration a daunting parameter estimation task, that is reviewed from a signal processing perspective in this article.
Nijboer Ronald
van der Tol Sebastiaan
van der Veen Alle-Jan
Wijnholds Stefan J.
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