Bubble Nebulae around Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources

Details Bubble Nebulae around Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Bubble Nebulae around Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources

Jan 2003

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2003rmxac..15..197p&link_type=abstract

Winds, Bubbles, and Explosions: a conference to honor John Dyson, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México, September 9-13, 2002 (Eds. S. J.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

47

H Ii Regions, Ism: Jets And Outflows, Stars: Mass Loss, X-Rays: Binaries

Scientific paper

The nature of extra-nuclear ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) in nearby galaxies continues to be an enigma, since their adopted isotropic high-energy output would surpass the Eddington limit of even the most massive stellar black holes. Many ultraluminous X-ray sources are surrounded by emission nebulae that show indications of both shock ionization and X-ray ionization. Relatively compact X-ray ionized nebulae can be used to independently infer the luminosities, and thus to exclude possible beaming effects into our line of sight. Larger bubble-like nebulae reach several hundred parsec diameters and provide important information on the formation and/or mass loss history of ULX. We point out the close relationship to microquasars and the previously unique SS 433 system with its radio nebula W 50.

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