Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Sep 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002bhap.conf..259w&link_type=abstract
BLACK HOLE ASTROPHYSICS 2002 . Proceedings of the Sixth APCTP Winter School . Held 9-12 January 2002 in Pohang, Korea. Edited by
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Scientific paper
A mass correlation of central black holes and their spheroids ~ 0.002 is firstly suggested by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the ground-based CCD photometries of early type galaxies. In addition, various measurements of the black hole masses in Active Galactic Nuclei present a similar relationship, which supports the speculations of: 1) a correlation between the black hole growth and the spheroid formation; 2) an evolutionary sequence from the early active QSO phase to the "relic" black holes in normal galaxies. Based on our previous work about such a joint evolutionary scheme and the consequential black hole to bulge mass correlation, we estimate in this paper the cosmic star formation history associated with the black hole growth by accretion using ROSAT X-ray deep surveys. The X-ray luminosity Lx, especially the luminous one, is assumed to be powered by the mass accretion onto the central black holes and is adopted as a good measure of the black hole mass. We show that the current opt./UV deep surveys may miss about half of the star formation activities in our Universe which are coupled with the AGN accretion and represent a phase of massive black hole and spheroid formation. Meanwhile, the far infrared emission from the dust heated by star formation ongoing during the spheroid formation could sufficiently account for the SCUBA counts, which indicates that the star formation activities may be the dominating energy power for the far-infrared emission in these SCUBA sources. We found also from our calculation the peak of the massive spheroid formation is not necessarily much beyond z ~ 2, even if we take into account the fraction of Type II QSOs at high redshift which may miss in ROSAT X-ray deep surveys. Actually, an upper limit of the Type II to Type I ratio of R2-1,x ~ 1 could be derived roughly from our results with the constraints of the local black hole density. The future results from Chandra deep survey would help to pin down such a question.
Taniguchi Yoshiaki
Wang Ya-Ping
Yamada Toru
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