Behavior of the Martian North Polar Cap, 1975-1978

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Astronomical Photography, Mars Photographs, Mars Surface, Northern Hemisphere, Polar Caps, Image Processing, Mariner 9 Space Probe, Mars Atmosphere, Optical Filters, Viking Orbiter 1, Viking Orbiter 2

Scientific paper

In photographic observations of Mars at Kwasan Observatory and Hida Observatory during the 1977-1978 apparition, the north polar cap was first observed at an areocentric solar longitude (Ls) = 14 deg, and the latitude of the edge of the cap was about 65 deg N. This edge of the cap changed little until Mars reached Ls = 50 deg, and then the cap started to shrink. The edge was observed near 74 deg N at Ls = 70. The relatively constant dimension of the north polar cap observed before Ls = 50 deg appears to be a regular phenomenon in the behavior of the north polar cap. The photographs obtained at the Hida Observatory during the 1975-1976 apparition were examined to study the nature of the north polar cap near Ls = 0 deg. Red filter photographs taken in the period from Ls = 340-0 deg revealed dark surface features of the northern high latitudes, when blue filter photographs show extensive polar brightening (i.e. the polar hood). The latitude of the northernmost dark feature observed was about 65 deg N. A widespread north polar cap, which is predicted by most existing models, was not observed in the observations in 1975-1976.

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