Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2001-02-15
Astrophys.J.562:L55,2001
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Nature, submitted
Scientific paper
10.1086/338119
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most brilliant objects in the Universe but efforts to estimate the total energy released in the explosion -- a crucial physical quantity -- have been stymied by their unknown geometry: spheres or cones. We report on a comprehensive analysis of GRB afterglows and derive their conical opening angles. We find that the gamma-ray energy release, corrected for geometry, is narrowly clustered around 5x10**50 erg. We draw three conclusions. First, the central engines of GRBs release energies that are comparable to ordinary supernovae, suggesting a connection. Second, the wide variation in fluence and luminosity of GRBs is due entirely to a distribution of opening angles. Third, only a small fraction of GRBs are visible to a given observer and the true GRB rate is at least a factor of 500 times larger than the observed rate.
Berger Edmond
Bloom Josh S.
Chaffee Frederic
Diercks Alan
Djorgovski Stanislav G.
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