Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2010-08-24
IEEE Phased Array 2010
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
8 pages, Accepted IEEE Phased Array 2010
Scientific paper
Beamforming is central to the processing function of all phased arrays and becomes particularly challenging with a large number of antenna element (e.g. >100,000). The ability to beamform efficiently with reasonable power requirements is discussed in this paper. Whilst the most appropriate beamforming technology will change over time due to semiconductor and processing developments, we present a hierarchical structure which is technology agnostic and describe both Radio-Frequency (RF) and digital hierarchical beamforming approaches. We present implementations of both RF and digital beamforming systems on two antenna array demonstrators, namely the Electronic Multi Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt (EMBRACE) and the dualpolarisation all-digital array (2-PAD). This paper will compare and contrast both digital and analogue implementations without considering the deep system design of these arrays.
Adami Kristian Zarb
de Vaate Bij J.-G.
Faulkner A. J.
Kant G. W.
Pickard P.
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