Basin analysis predictions of known hydrocarbon occurrences: The North Sea Viking Graben as a test case

Computer Science

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Scientific paper

Basin analysis can assimilate structural, burial and thermal histories to predict hydrocarbon-prone zones in speculative areas. The validity of the modelling approach was field tested in the North Sea Viking Graben, an area for which good data are available. A recent BIRPS, deep seismic reflection profile across tectonic strike of the graben was interpreted and depth-converted with good well control. The burial and structural histories were determined by backstripping the chronostratigraphic layers using a one-dimensional fluid flow/compaction model on pseudo-wells. After removal of each sequence, the section was manually reconstructed. The thermal history was examined using thermal indicator tomography, extensional models and calculations of depth to detachment. Lack of resolution required that three different paleo-heat flow trends be tested to encompass the range in variability: a gradual warming trend, a constant heat flow through time, and a low heat flow until the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary where a heat pulse occurred. Basement subsidence, extension, depth to detachment calculations, and thermal indicator inversions all suggest that the UK side of the graben has developed differently to the Norwegian section. The generation modelling predicts the position of the oil window in the cross-section. The areas where this window enveloped the Draupne Formation (Kimmeridge Clay) source rock broadly correlate with the positions of the Gullfaks, Statfjord and Thistle oilfields of the UK sector. However, in the Norwegian sector the Draupne Formation was generally overmature, except in the area around the Troll oilfield. Predicted Middle to Late Cretaceous generation in the rift axis may have caused updip oil migration towards the Horda platform. The correct prediction of oil-prone zones validates the use of quantitative basin analysis as a tool for evaluating frontier areas where data are limited.

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