Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States

Details Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities in the east-central United States

Jun 2008

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008geoji.173..827d&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Journal International, Volume 173, Issue 3, pp. 827-843.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

8

Surface Waves And Free Oscillations, Seismic Anisotropy, North America

Scientific paper

We explore the Rayleigh-wave phase velocity structure of the east-central US in a broad period range (10-200 s). Using a recent implementation of the two-stations method, we first measure interstation dispersion curves of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities along 60 paths. We then invert our collection of dispersion curves for isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic (2Ψ and 4Ψ) phase-velocity maps. The inversion is performed by a damped, smoothed LSQR, and the output model is parametrized on a triangular grid of knots with a 140 km grid spacing. Using the isotropic component of the phase velocity maps to constrain regional variations in shear velocity and Moho-depth, we observe that over the upper-middle crust depth range (z < 30 km) shear wave velocities are lower beneath the Grenville and Appalachian orogenic provinces than beneath the Central Plains to the west. The amplitude of (2Ψ) anisotropy and the azimuth of the fast-propagation direction at periods between 20 and 34 s vary laterally. Beneath the Grenville and Appalachian provinces, the amplitude of anisotropy reaches 1 per cent of the average phase velocity, and the azimuth of the fast-propagation direction is uniform and equal to 32°. West of the Grenville front, the average amplitude falls to 0.5 per cent, and the azimuth of the fast-propagation direction is less uniform. In the period range 45-60 s, anisotropy is smaller in amplitude (~0.5 per cent) and with a regionally uniform azimuth of the fast-propagation direction of around 165°. Around 140 s, the amplitude of 2Ψ anisotropy is larger again (>1 per cent), and the azimuth of the fast-propagation direction is uniform over the entire region and equal to 54°. Our results suggest that azimuthal anisotropy beneath the east-central US is vertically distributed in three distinct layers, with a different geodynamic origin for each of them.

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