Atomic time and frequency standards development at Shanghai Observatory, China

Computer Science – Performance

Scientific paper

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Astronomical Observatories, Atomic Clocks, Frequency Stability, Frequency Standards, Laboratory Equipment, Calibrating, Cesium, Hydrogen, Prototypes, Rubidium, Time Measurement

Scientific paper

The performance characteristics of several types of atomic frequency standards are described. The Shanghai Observatory atomic time scale is examined with reference to system implementation, calculation approach, and experimental results. This time scale was established in 1978 on the basis of available frequency standards: a prototype laboratory model of a cesium clock, three hydrogen clocks, and several rubidium clocks. The cesium clock was used as the basic calibration reference while the hydrogen and rubidium clocks were used as the working clocks to ensure the continuity of the time scale.

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