Atmospheric Structure of Jupiter, from HST UV Center and Limb Observations

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

HST FOS Observations at air mass 2.5 from 1800 to 2300 Angstroms, and FOS and GHRS observations at 1.0 air mass from 1700 to 3300 Angstroms, all at 2 degrees south latitude in the middle of a broad zone, have been used to constrain the upper stratosphere of Jupiter. The observations are reproduced well by a simple model consisting of a 15 km-am layer of H_2 with Rayleigh and Raman scattering, and absorption by NH_3 concentrated toward the bottom and by C_2H_2 concentrated toward the top. In narrow spectral regions, the model may be somewhat improved by including absorption by C_4H_2, C_6H_2 and PH_3. The data do not require the presence of the polyacetylenes. In order to model the high air mass continuum at 2300 Angstroms, it is necessary to invoke a very thin, very high-altitude layer of strongly backscattering aerosols. Contrary to expectations, NH_3 was observed at the limb as well as at the center of the planet. It is important to use NH_3 absorption coefficients that are measured as closely as possible to Jovian ambient conditions. Our NH_3 lab sample, measured at 195 K because of vapor pressure limitations, may not have been cold enough to permit optimum interpretation of the HST data.

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