Atmospheric Escape and the D/H Ratio in Mars' Atmosphere

Computer Science

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Hst Proposal Id #8658 Solar System

Scientific paper

The highly extended upper atmosphere and the UV airglow of Mars have not been studied by any in situ spacecraft since Mariner 9 in 1972. At the same time, one of the main elements of NASA's space science program today is the study of Mars and how it has evolved over time to a hostile environment, compared with the favorable conditions on the Earth. The availability of long aperture spatially resolved UV spectra with STIS makes it possible to obtain unique information on the extended upper atmosphere of Mars by mapping the H and O dayglow emissions with altitude above the limb. We propose to make these observations just before Mars opposition near the end of HST cycle 9. Initial modeling indicates that we will have sufficient angular resolution and sensitivity to measure the scale heights of the suprathermal atom populations of H and O atoms. We also propose to determine accurate values for the D and H columns, and the D/H ratio, in the upper atmosphere of Mars. The present-day D/H ratio gives vital information leading to understanding the evolution of Mars' atmosphere, the historic escape of water into space, and potentially the remaining water abundance on Mars.

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