Atmospheric Densities and Temperatures from the Drag Analysis of the Explorer 17 Satellite

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Scientific paper

Atmospheric densities were obtained from the drag analysis of the Explorer 17 satellite in the interval from April 8 to October 9, 1963. Temperatures were computed from the densities, by use of a modified version of Nicolet's 1961 atmospheric model. The analysis was based on field-reduced Baker-Nunn observations and on minitrack observations. A study of the preliminary results reveals that: (1) The density in Nicolet's model corresponding to a given exospheric temperature is, relative to the densities higher up, too large at low heights. The same result was found in an earlier analysis of the Injun 3 satellite. (2) Irregular fluctuations in density, with a range corresponding to 30° to 40° in temperature, occur during geomagnetically quiet intervals. These fluctuations are correlated with small variations in the average Kp geomagnetic index. (3) The heating that accompanies smaller magnetic storms may be considerably greater than previous results have indicated. The increase in temperature may very well be proportional to Kp, rather than to ap, for Kp equal to 6 or more.

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