At the interface between coastal and global ocean observatories - a regional, cabled observatory

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The planetary sciences are in a transformational period. New approaches made possible by a confluence of technological advances are enabling the examination of entire systems in space and time. These emerging capabilities are fostering a revolution in the exploration, discovery, and understanding of complex, interacting natural processes. The response within the ocean sciences has been the development of initiatives in several countries to create ocean observatories at global, regional, and coastal scales. Regional-scale ocean observatories have a specific and vital role in integrating across the boundaries of coastal and global observatories. To accomplish this integration, regional observatories must 1) span coastal to global systems thereby linking all processes; 2) document variability over many scales of space and time; 3) expand surface (satellite) and point (mooring) coverage to an entire volume; 4) archive data so as to enable modeling and data assimilation; 5) maximize the scientific return from the investment in a regional facility; and, 6) maintain optimal flexibility and expandability to operate for many decades. One example of a regional observatory design is the NEPTUNE facility that will be located in the northeast Pacific Ocean. NEPTUNE is intended to deliver a long-term, real-time, full-ocean presence by providing high-bandwidth communications, abundant power, robotic systems, extensive in situ networks, and real-time control for interactivity. Its 3,000-km heavily instrumented network of fiber-optic/power cables will encircle and cross the Juan de Fuca tectonic plate, enabling observations of and experiments with the volume of water above the plate, the seafloor, and the sub-seafloor. By combining earth, ocean, and atmospheric science capabilities and spanning the interface between the highly variable near shore environment and more ponderous deep sea processes NEPTUNE will offer unparalleled opportunities to a broad range of scientific, educational, and public outreach communities.

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