Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Jun 1986
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986aipc..144....1b&link_type=abstract
IN: Magnetospheric phenomena in astrophysics (A87-11753 02-90). New York, American Institute of Physics, 1986, p. 1-23. Research
Computer Science
Sound
5
Cosmic Rays, Particle Acceleration, Relativistic Particles, Shock Waves, Energy Spectra, Extragalactic Radio Sources, Magnetohydrodynamic Waves, Relativistic Plasmas, Sound Waves, Supersonic Flow
Scientific paper
The observed properties of high energy particles in different astrophysical environments are briefly summarized. It appears that cosmic rays are freely produced with high (up to 10 percent) efficiency by supersonic flows. At relativistic energies, the integral distribution function of the accelerated particles (i.e., the number of particles with energy in excess of some value E) generally has a power law form with slope lying in the range of about 1.2 to 1.8. Various particle acceleration schemes are examined. Fermi acceleration at strong shock fronts seems a particularly promising process. A simple test particle analysis suggests that this mechanism can fulfill the necessary energetic and spectral requirements of galactic cosmic rays. More detailed studies of shock acceleration including the mediating influence of the accelerated particles and the generation of scattering Alfven modes together with models of the gas subshock give inconclusive results. Future progress depends upon combining the results of in situ observations of interplanetary shock waves with numerical simulations of high Mach number, quasi-parallel subshocks to obtain more complete models of astrophysical shocks.
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