Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Aug 2009
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009exa....25...91m&link_type=abstract
Experimental Astronomy, Volume 25, Issue 1-3, pp. 91-106
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Astronomy, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Detectors, Image Analysis, Optical, Near-Infrared
Scientific paper
Spectroscopic astronomical instrumentation has much evolved in the last 40 years. Long-slit grating spectrographs with a photographic plate as the detector working in the 0.3-1 μm range were prevalent up to the early 1970s. The replacement of photographic plates by two-dimensional digital detectors provided gains in sensitivity of two orders of magnitude and much better photometric and radial velocity precision, and opened the 1 to 25 μm infrared domain. Another gain in speed by up to two orders of magnitude was then obtained through the development of various spectroscopic systems, each optimized for a subset of astronomical objects. This development was underpinned by a number of technological advances, in particular the development of automatic data reduction pipelines using sophisticated algorithms. With ever larger and more complex instrument systems for the present 8-10 m diameter telescopes—and soon even more for the next generation of Extremely Large Telescopes, the development of an instrument is now a big enterprise, ranging all the way from long-term enabling technology efforts to management of large teams for construction and deployment over typically 7-8 years.
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