Astrometric Detection of Exo-Earths in the Presence of Stellar Noise

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Scientific paper

Astrometry from space is capable of making extremely precise measurements of the positions of stars, well below 1 uas (microarcsecond) at each visit. A hundred such visits over a period of several years could result in a relative astrometric precision for the mission of 0.1 uas, which is below the astrometric signature of 0.3 uas for a Sun-Earth system at a distance of 10 pc. Stellar photometric fluctuations on timescales of months to years introduce astrophysical noise in radial velocity and astrometric measurements of stars. These fluctuations are dominated by rotation and evolution of magnetic surface features (sunspots and faculae). We describe a dynamic model of starspot noise which is consistent with the power spectrum of the Sun and several other stars. We use the model to predict the noise in astrometric and RV observing campaigns for this small sample of stars. We also use empirical stellar activity models to estimate the astrometric and radial velocity jitter for a much larger sample of nearby solar-type stars. We find that for most of these stars, starspot noise does not significantly interfere with astrometric detection of habitable zone planets down to well below an Earth mass.
This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.

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