ASCA Observations of the Crab-like Pulsar/Nebula System PSR B0540-69

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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The ASCA satellite observed the 50 ms pulsar PSR B0540-69 and its associated supernova remnant SNR 0540-693 in the Large Magellanic Cloud fifteen times in total, at least once a year, since June 1993 through November 1999, including six observations with the pulsar as a main target. In all the observations, a point-like X-ray source was clearly detected at the position of PSR B0540-69 and the X-ray pulsations were detected at large significance. Folded light curves are identical throughout the observations showing one broad pulse with a small dip on the top. The X-ray spectrum of the best quality was obtained by the observation on 23 September 1993 during the payload verification phase. The X-ray spectrum of the whole source is well represented by a single power-law model of photon index, α = 2.00 +/- 0.02, and a small photoelectric absorption, NH = (4.3 +/- 0.2) x 1021 cm-2, resulting in an X-ray luminosity of the source (1--10 keV) of LX = ( 1.16 +/- 0.03 ) x 1037 erg s-1 with the distance of 55 kpc assumed. Pulse-phase resolved spectra indicate variation of photon index over pulse phase ranging from 2.0 to 2.2, while a photoelectric absorption remain constant. Pulsed X-ray flux is estimated LX = (7.9 +/- 0.8) x 10-12 erg s-1 cm-2 (1--10 keV). The total X-ray spectrum can also be represented by a pulsed power-law spectrum with photon index of 1.80 +/- 0.08 with 20% in amplitude at 1 keV, embedded in constant power-law component with photon index of 2.17+0.10-0.03 ascribed to a nebular component. Long-term trend of pulse period change was also investigated. Spin periods of the pulsar at the centers of the observations were determined within accuracy of a few μ Hz for all the observations. Pulsar's spin-down history during the 6.4-year span of the observations is well characterized by the second order polynomial with a breaking index of 2.09 +/- 0.05.

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