Apollo objects

Mathematics – Probability

Scientific paper

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Nuclei, Comets, Encke, Comet, Spectral Reflectivity, Apollo Asteroids, Amor Asteroids, Orbits, Origin, Craters, Terrestrial, Meteor Crater, Arizona, Meteoroid Impacts, Artificial Impacts

Scientific paper

Asteroidlike bodies, called Apollo Objects, whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth are described. Methods for determining the geometric albedo of the Apollos from which their size and abundance can be calculated are discussed. The completeness-of-search-method estimates the number of the objects at 750 (plus or minus 300). The probability of their colliding with the earth is considered and it is found that the earth is struck four times in a million years, with each striking object calculated to produce a crater 20 km in diameter. Terrestrial craters are briefly analyzed in the context of Apollo impacts, concluding that about 1,500 such objects must have struck the earth since the end of the Precambrian era. The relationship between comets and Apollos is discussed and it is suggested that many of the objects may be residues of outgassed comet nuclei, though the evidence is not compelling. It is postulated that a great number of meteroites are Apollo fragments.

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