Anisotropy in stellar dynamics

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Black Holes (Astronomy), Globular Clusters, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Motions, Accretion Disks, Anisotropy, Gravitational Collapse, Perturbation Theory, Specific Heat, Thermal Stability

Scientific paper

Linear perturbation theory is applied to hydrostatic equilibrium to study the generation of stellar velocity anisotropy in spherical star clusters, and anisotropy generation and its time evolution and spatial variation are investigated in numerical evolution simulations. The tensor of inverse specific heat for a singular isothermal sphere is calculated, and is found, in the central region, to be more negative than in the isotropic case. Relaxation is considered in the limit of small angle encounters which cause the redistribution of energy, and the energy flux is found to be nonlinear in nonharmonic gravitational potentials, causing anisotropy to develop. The gasdynamic model is applied to a massive globular cluster of one million solar masses, and an appreciable degree of anisotropy is found to develop in the central cusp region. The different direction of anisotropy from previous results is a consequence of neglecting loss-cone effects.

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