- and Micro-Physics of Topological Defects

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Strings, Global Monopoles

Scientific paper

Topological defects are regions of trapped energy density, predicted by many particle physics models to form during a phase transition in the early universe. They provide a physically motivated mechanism for galaxy formation. The main goal of this thesis is to test models predicting the formation of topological defects in the early universe by deriving their predictions and comparing them with observations. We focus on topological defects with linear geometry (cosmic strings). However, new theories involving pointlike or unstable defects are also investigated. Macrophysics of cosmic strings. We perform a detailed study of a cosmological model in which the primordial density perturbations are produced by cosmic strings and in which the dark matter is hot, i.e. has large thermal velocities at early times. It is shown that velocity perturbations which form in the wake of long straight strings moving at a relativistic speed can generate significant large -scale structure in the Universe. Due to the presence of hot dark matter (e.g. 100h^2eV neutrinos) a significant fraction of all galaxies forms in large scale sheets. Microphysics of cosmic strings. Cosmic strings produced in a grand unified phase transition can catalyse baryon decay. Different channels for this process are studied at zero and finite temperature. The distinction is made between interactions of global nature manifested by the Aharonov-Bohm effect and local interactions of fermions with the string core. The main result is that the cross section for proton decay is significantly amplified in certain cases. New theories: Global monopoles, textures. Here we study the dynamics of global monopoles and vortices. The radial stability of global monopoles and vortices is verified and virial theorems connecting the potential and gradient energies are obtained. An analytical derivation of the global defect interaction potential is followed by numerical simulation verifying the predicted potential.

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