Analyzing the Nature of B[e] Ejecta and Their Place in High-mass Star Evolution Using High Resolution IRS Spectra

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B[e] stars encompass a variety of different objects of various putative evolutionary states. Most of them cannot consistently be placed into known evolutionary categories using standard ground-based classification diagnostics. Yet the higher-mass B[e] stars have been proposed as evolutionary stages in the poorly-understood sequence of late-stage high-mass star evolution. We have recently discovered using deep H-alpha imaging that a large fraction of B[e] stars show a variety of lobes and shells which imply past and ongoing major mass-loss episodes. The nature and implications of these episodes is not clear. IRS spectra along with our new analysis techniques offer multiple ways to clarify this and other B[e] characteristics. We shall obtain high S/N, high resolution spectra of several B[e] stars in order to model their temperatures, densities, and abundances using models we recently developed. Our techniques, for example, were applied to Eta Car and revealed the nature of its hidden binary companion. In addition, the spectra will reveal much about the nature of the dust in the envelopes. We shall also obtain off-star spectra of the ejecta in order to use established chemical clues to infer the physical conditions at the time of dust formation, which in other rapidly-evolving sorts of stars has successfully been used to show evolutionary linkages between objects which appear fundamentally different at present.

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