Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2006-08-09
Phys.Rev.Lett.97:221104,2006
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
4 pages, 2 figures, PRL accepted, minor changes
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.221104
Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks is studied analytically in the test-particle, small-angle scattering limit, for an arbitrary velocity-angle diffusion function D. Accurate analytic expressions for the spectral index s are derived using few (2-6) low-order moments of the shock-frame angular distribution. For isotropic diffusion, previous results are reproduced and justified. For anisotropic diffusion, s is shown to be sensitive to D, particularly downstream and at certain angles, and a wide range of s values is attainable. The analysis, confirmed numerically, can be used to test collisionless shock models and to observationally constrain D. For example, strongly forward- or backward-enhanced diffusion downstream is ruled out by GRB afterglow observations.
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