Analysis of modern observations of the Sun and inner planets

Details Analysis of modern observations of the Sun and inner planets Analysis of modern observations of the Sun and inner planets

Feb 1995

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995a%26a...294..874k&link_type=abstract

Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 294, no. 3, p. 874-894

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

18

Astrometry, Mercury (Planet), Planet Ephemerides, Sun, Venus (Planet), Celestial Reference Systems, Data Reduction, Instrument Errors

Scientific paper

This paper presents an analysis of the world-wide optical observations of the Sun, Mercury and Venus obtained over the time span 1960 - 1990 with 17 meridian instruments and 2 astrolabes. A procedure of reduction of planatary observations from one to another reference frame is proposed and applied to the initial observational material. The observations have been transformed to the FK5 system and compared with the ephemeris DE200. A method if intercomparison of individual instrumental series for determination of systematic `goodness' of an instrument has been developed. Weights then have been assigned to each instrumental series composing material under analysis. These have then been used for construction of the mean instrumental systems and applied in the LS solutions. Spectral analysis of (O - C) residuals has revealed the existence of strong sideral harmonics in declination for Mercury and Venus, giving evidence of errors in the comparison ephemeris. An apparent positive trend in right ascension residuals for the Sun and both planets is detected. Conditional equations, used for LS solutions to determine corrections to orbital parameters of the planets and orientation parameters of the FK5, are presented. It is shown that for the Sun, Mercury and Venus over the selected 30-year interval, conditional equations give consistent results within 0.04 sec for constant terms and within 0.2 sec/cy for secular variations, while those obtained for Mars are in great discrepancy. The results of the weighted LS solutions on the basis of the observational material appear to be consistent within 0.1 sec for the Sun and both planets. The mean value of the equator correction to the FK5 derived from Mercury and Venus observations is 0.062 sec +/- 0.023 sec, while the observations of the Sun give -0.002 sec +/- 0.009 sec. The mean value of the equinox correction to the FK5 from the Sun, Mercury and Venus Observations at the epoch 1973.0 is 0.103 sec.

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