Analysis of Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park Using ASTER and AVIRIS Remote Sensing

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6969 Remote Sensing, 8424 Hydrothermal Systems (8135), 8494 Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

Remote sensing data from multispectral ASTER and hyperspectral AVIRIS are used to detect and analyze terrestrial hydrothermal deposits. ASTER is beneficial for determining regional characteristics of hydrothermal areas, whereas AVIRIS has the necessary spectral resolution for detection of specific alteration minerals. Because detection of potential Mars relict hot springs will be done remotely, it is important to understand how we detect and can study these deposits on Earth. The THEMIS (Thermal Emission Imaging System) instrument, onboard Mars Odyssey, will search for thermal anomalies associated with hot springs on Mars. THEMIS and ASTER have similar spatial and spectral resolutions, therefore it is crucial to use ASTER to understand the thermal characteristics of terrestrial hydrothermal springs. ASTER and AVIRIS data are being used to characterize the hot spring deposits in the Lower, Midway, and Upper Geyser Basins of Yellowstone National Park in the visible to thermal infrared wavelengths. ASTER data are being analyzed to determine broad scale characteristics of the hot springs and their deposits, identify thermal anomalies, and create large scale mineral maps of these basins. Image processing shows differences in these basins, including extent of thermal alteration, alteration minerals, and classifications. Comparisons of active, near-extinct, and extinct geysers are also being completed through remote sensing. Field observations of these basins provide ground truth for comparison to the results of the remote sensing data. Fourteen study sites were selected based on diversity in size, types of deposits, and activity. This study included detailed site surveys such as land cover analysis, photography, Global Positioning Satellite data collection, radiometric analysis, and field spectroscopy. Samples of hot spring deposits, geyser deposits, and soil samples were collected and are being analyzed with a laboratory spectrometer that gathers information from the visible to thermal infrared wavelengths. The results of this remote sensing and field study will lead to a greater understanding of spectral differences in active versus extinct springs, how to search for similar features on Mars, and what characteristics and anomalies the potential Martian hydrothermal features may have in the thermal infrared region.

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