An electron microprobe investigation of the chemistry of ferromanganese coatings on freshwater sediments

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Scientific paper

Manganese-iron coatings on clasts collected from a number of streams in the United Kingdom, draining a variety of lithologies, have been analysed by electron microprobe. This is the first investigation of the small scale variations in the chemistry of such material. It is shown that Al, in addition to Mn and Fe, is a major constituent of such coatings, which are considered to be typical of those formed in freshwater systems. Little of the aluminium is held in alumino-silicates. The minor element content of the samples varies from site to site but the Mn-rich material shows an association of one or more of the elements Co, Cu, Zn, Ba and Ce. Similarly, P is associated with Fe-rich material. Evidence for the derivation of metals from multiple sources is provided by the bimodal major element/minor element ratios from individual sites and differing major element compositions of high Zn and high Ba samples from one site; demonstrating that both stream and pore waters made significant contributions to the minor element content of the coatings. These factors have also affected the Al content of the material. In addition to phases dominated by Mn, Fe and Al, distinct authigenic Pb---Mn and Zn---Mn phases were found at two lightly mineralised localities. The occurrence of such phases, needs to be evaluated in future sediment geochemical studies, especially work based on partial extraction techniques in geochemical exploration, pollution monitoring and sediment diagenesis. Similarly, the observed non-linearity of metal/Mn ratios may have an important bearing on such work.

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