An automated recognition of sunspots and magnetic structures from Ca II K1 and white light images and SOHO/MDI magnetograms.

Computer Science

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Scientific paper

A new technique for an automatic identification of sunspots on the Ca K1 line and "white light" full disk images is presented. The technique allows measuring total magnetic fluxes of the corresponding sunspots, investigation of a correlation between the sunspot area and magnetic flux, calculating the sunspot and corresponding them Wolf numbers that are key characteristics of the solar activity. For an extraction of the area, shape, umbra/penumbra location of the detected sunspots and their basic classification the region growing, local contrast and contiguity methods are used. The technique was tested on the one month Ca K1 line observations from the Meudon Observatory that revealed a good correlation with the synoptic maps manually produced at the Observatory. The technique was also applied to the one month observations from the SOHO/MDI white light images that confirmed the sunspot detection from the Meudon observations. Since sunspots are known to be characterised by a strong unipolar magnetic field, so the identification results are compared with the SOHO/MDI magnetograms obtained for the corresponding time period. The comparison revealed a good correlation between the identified sunspot areas and the observed magnetic fluxes for the period of January--July 2002. In addition, the magnetogram data is used for a more detailed classification of sunspots i.e. separating them into the groups corresponding to the active region and adding a positive or negative polarity tag. The results are unified under the synoptic maps of sunspots and magnetic structures. This research is a part of the solar feature recognition work package for the European Grid of Solar Observations (EGSO) project.

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