An active Seismic experiment on Bepi-Colombo

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The objective of the experiment is to determine the propagation properties in the crust and upper mantle of Mercury and the thickness of the crust by using the impact of the Bepi-Colombo SEPM. It will also record natural signals, such as deep tidal quakes, thermal cracks and solar tide. Due to the very low noise expected on Mercury and the a priori strongly developed regolith structure, a very sensitive broad band seismometer is requested. Very likely, the main limitation in seismic noise will be the instrument noise: the lowest noise is therefore requested. Only a single seismic station will be available. It is therefore necessary for the active experiment to determine with precision (e.g. comparable to the post landing precision of the lander and to about 1 km and 1/10s if possible) the impact point and time of the SEPMs. Such determination can be done by tracking a radio signal, which can be emitted by an autonomous beacon onboard the SEPM. For the passive experiment, it will be necessary to have two components in order to determine the crustal structure from the analysis of the amplitude ratio between the vertical and horizontal component, which enables to separate the effect of the crustal structure from the source effects.

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