Aerosol component of the Martian atmosphere and its variability from the results of infrared radiometry in the Termoscan/Phobos-2 experiment

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Two thermal infrared images taken by the Termoscan/Phobos-2 radiometer at the morning and evening limbs of Mars are analysed. The retrieval of aerosol extinction coefficients from about 400 cross-limb brightness profiles yielded a two-dimensional distribution of the aerosol with a spatial resolution of ~ 2 km. The aerosol vertical structure in the morning consists of two components: one is an exponentially increasing extinction from about 20 km down to the surface and the other is an aerosol layer located at 20-35 km altitude. In contrast, no aerosol layers were observed at the evening limb. In addition, the aerosol extinction in the evening showed a trend to decrease in the lower 5 km near the surface. The differences between the morning and evening observations were interpreted as an indication of the formation of the ice hazes at 20-35 km and near the surface at night on Mars.

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