Biology
Scientific paper
Mar 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004esasp.545...55p&link_type=abstract
In: Proceedings of the Third European Workshop on Exo-Astrobiology, 18 - 20 November 2003, Madrid, Spain. Ed.: R. A. Harris & L.
Biology
1
Earth: Astrobiology
Scientific paper
A seemingly unique feature of desert varnish is its worldwide association with microcolonial fungi (MCF). The surface environments on rock coatings are some of the most hostile on Earth. High temperatures, low humidity, high incidence of UV light and low nutrients require microorganisms that have evolved special survival skills. MCF contain melanin, microsporines, carotinoids and probably other as yet unidentified pigments that help protect them from UV light. During the hottest and driest months, few bacteria are observed on specimens we have examined from several desert regions of the world. The survivability in these extreme conditions sets MCF apart from bacteria. Sporulating bacteria have developed survival mechanisms but must expend energy to create spores. MCF, in contrast, survive and flourish where only few bacteria are present and lichens are unable to survive.
Engel Michael H.
Gorbushina Anna
Kolb Vera M.
Krumbein Wolfgang Elisabeth
Perry Randall S.
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