Accretion of the cloud of gas debris of stars disrupted by the tidal forces of a supermassive black hole

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Black Holes (Astronomy), Galactic Nuclei, Interstellar Gas, Stellar Mass Accretion, Astronomical Models, Continuous Spectra, Radiation Spectra, Space Debris, X Ray Spectra

Scientific paper

In the case considered here (where the critical mass is much less than the black hole mass, which in turn is much less than 3 x 10 to the 8th solar masses), a cloud around the black hole is formed from the debris of disrupted stars whose accretion is nearly spherical. The cloud has a turbulent character and proceeds with a mean rate determined by the rate of the stellar breakups. The principal physical parameters of the accreting cloud are estimated, which makes possible a calculation of the cloud's radiation spectrum. Provided the density of stars in the galactic nucleus is sufficiently high, the accreting cloud is opaque; thus the outgoing radiation appears to be Compton-scattered and falls into the hard X-ray region. A knowledge of both the total luminosity and the spectral index of the Comptonized radiation permits a determination of the mass of the black hole as well as the parameters of the surrounding galactic nucleus.

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