Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy
Scientific paper
Sep 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008dps....40.5812t&link_type=abstract
American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #40, #58.12; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 40, p.505
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy
Scientific paper
The Sun and the planets formed from the gravitational collapse of a cloud of gas. If Jupiter and the Sun both formed from the same well-mixed proto-solar nebula, as is generally believed, then their observed atmospheric compositions should be similar. However, direct sampling of Jupiter's atmosphere indicates that it is enriched the heavy elements C, S, Kr, Xe, and Ar, by a factor of 2-6 relative to the Sun. Existing models to explain this enrichment require an extremely cold proto-solar nebula which allows these heavy elements to condense, and cannot easily explain the observed variation in abundances between these elements. We find that that Jupiter's atmospheric composition can be explained if the proto-solar nebula accretes small amounts of heavy elements from the interstellar medium during Jupiter's formation. The heavy element abundance required matches that which can be supplied by stellar winds and supernova ejecta from the stars in a typical star cluster where the Sun is believed to have formed. The amount of mass required is readily supplied by the small gravitational accretion of gas from the interstellar medium onto the Sun's proto-planetary disk that occurs during the several million years after the Sun forms, but before the dense interstellar gas in the star cluster has dispersed (Throop & Bally 2008, AJ 135). Our results are supported by isotopic measurements that indicate the Solar System formed from multiple distinct reservoirs of material, simultaneously with one or more nearby supernova events (e.g., Trinquier et al 2007; Dauphas et al 2002).
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