Acceleration boundary for charged particles in the electromagnetic field of a rotating magnetic dipole

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Charged Particles, Electromagnetic Fields, Magnetic Dipoles, Neutron Stars, Particle Acceleration, Refractivity, Sawtooth Waveforms, Sine Waves

Scientific paper

The acceleration boundary describes an outer radial distance from a rotating magnetic dipole that limits the region from where charged particles can be accelerated to high energies. Thus this boundary defines the region around a pulsar from where particles like protons and electrons can be accelerated to become part of the primary cosmic radiation. Earlier calculations of the boundary were based on the assumption of a vacuum field. It is shown here that the refractive index deviating from unity leads to a modification in the extension of the acceleration boundary. In addition the influence of the shape of the electromagnetic wave on the boundary is studied. Thus an analytical expression for the boundary is found for sawtooth shaped waves in the vacuum field case and a numerical investigation is done for the refractive index deviating from unity.

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