Acceleration and Propagation of Flux-Rope CMEs: Theory and Observations

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) constitute one of the most important solar eruptive processes in terms of both the physics of solar activity and the impact on the terrestrial environment. It is well established that the ejecta from CMEs can cause large geomagnetic storms with deleterious effects on critical technological systems such as communications systems and electric power grids. Since their discovery in the early 1970's, the physics of CME eruptions has puzzled theoretical solar physicists: the 3-D magnetic geometry of CMEs imaged by coronagraphs, the forces responsible for acceleration of 10^15-16 g of material to more than 1000 km/s, and the heliospheric counterpart of CMEs have been major issues. Recent SOHO observations, in conjunction with in situ heliospheric measurements, have provided an unprecedented view of the CME phenomenon fromt the Sun to about 5 AU. The comprehensive data have also allowed new tests of theoretical models. We have carried out a series of quantitative comparisons of an erupting flux rope model of CMEs with the LASCO, EIT, and MK3 (Mauna Loa Solar Observatory) data. The results show good and detailed agreement between the theory and observations. These studies have demonstrated that (1) there exists a significant class of CMEs that can be explained as 3-D flux ropes, (2) the model equations produce solutions correctly describing the observed acceleration profiles, and (3) the predicted heliospheric counterparts of CMEs are in agreement with observed interplanetary ``magnetic clouds.''

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