A unified relativistic beaming model for BL Lacertae objects and flat spectrum radio quasars

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Bl Lacertae Objects, Galactic Nuclei, Luminosity, Quasars, Radio Jets (Astronomy), X Ray Spectra, Astronomical Models, Morphology, Statistical Distributions, X Ray Astronomy

Scientific paper

The X-ray and radio properties of BL Lac objects and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) are compared to those of F-R I and F-R II radio sources, which have been suggested to represent their respective parent populations. It is argued that there is a substantial continuity between BL Lacs and FSRQ, as well as between F-R I and F-R II radio sources, if properties related to extended emission, i.e., emission lines and radio morphology, are ignored. Moreover the radio and X-ray luminosity functions are continous, allowing us to construct 'unified' luminosity functions for flat spectrum (FSRSs) and steep spectrum radio sources (SSRSs), respectively. Assuming FSRSs to derive from relativistic beaming of the cores of SSRSs, we constrain the bulk Lorentz factor gamma and fractional beamed power f, fitting both, the radio and X-ray luminosity functions. We find that gammaR approximately equal to 10 - 20 and gammaX approximately equal to 6 - 8 are required in the radio and X-ray bands, respectively, which is consistent with previous estimates. The fact that the same beaming parameters apply for radio sources spanning 5 orders of magnitude in power indicates that the central engines of radio sources operate in a self-similar way with regard to the nonthermal activity. It is suggested that the central engines of F-R I and F-R II radio sources do not differ qualitatively and that radio morphology and emission-line characteristics depend on the global power and/or on the ambient medium surrounding the central engine.

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