A systematic study of ULF waves above F/H plus/ from GEOS 1 and 2 measurements and their relationships with proton ring distributions

Mathematics – Probability

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Electromagnetic Noise Measurement, Extremely Low Radio Frequencies, Proton Belts, Radio Emission, Satellite Observation, Distribution Functions, Energy Spectra, Geos Satellites (Esa), Monochromatic Radiation, Power Spectra, Ring Currents, Vlf Emission Recorders

Scientific paper

The properties of structured emissions occurring just above the proton gyrofrequency have been revealed by an analysis of the ULF noise observed by the GEOS magnetic antennas in the 0.2-12Hz frequency range. The waves consist of harmonically related monochromatic emissions, and the fundamental frequency is generally of the order of the proton gyrofrequency. If there is more than one fundamental frequency present, nonlinear coupling occurs between the different emissions. Within the sensitivity range of the detectors used, the average emission occurrence probability during a given hour is 12 percent. This number increases to about 30 percent in the afternoon and premidnight sectors. Simultaneous proton flux observations show that these waves are often associated with distribution functions peaking at 5-30 keV for 90 deg pitch angle particles. A theoretical model is presented that qualitatively explains the main characteristics of the waves observed.

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