A survey of trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions with the UK Schmidt telescope. III - Stellar populations, density and luminosity distributions in the South Galactic CAP

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Star Distribution, Stellar Luminosity, Stellar Motions, Stellar Parallax, Color-Magnitude Diagram, Error Analysis, Kinematics, Maximum Likelihood Estimates, Space Density, Stellar Magnitude

Scientific paper

Parallaxes and proper motions of more than 5500 stars near the South Galactic Pole, obtained from measurements on the GALAXY machine at RGO of plates taken with the UK Schmidt telescope are discussed. A maximum- likelihood technique, in which parameters of a Gaussian luminosity function and an exponential scale parallax are derived for a sample of stars limited by apparent magnitude and colour, is derived and applied to various subsets of the data, for which mean speeds and velocity dispersions transverse to the line-of-sight are assumed a priori. The majority of stars, which show parallactic motion samilar to stars in the solar neighbourhood, are assumed to belong to the galactic disc. Their average scale height is 311 ± 7 parsecs, and their composite luminosity function is consistent with that of the nearby stars. Evidence is presented for the existence of a stream with parallactic motion similar to that of the Hyades cluster, and a scale height of 500 parsecs. Among the stars with large proper motion, four are tentatively identified as white dwarfs and more than 60 as main-sequence stars with high velocity. A significant difference between the zero-points of proper motion of the disc and spheroid stars is interpreted as a shear of the disc in the direction opposite to galactic rotation of 36±5 km s-1 kpc-1. Proper motions of stars in the region of the globular cluster NGC 288 are briefly discussed.

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