A study of convective model stellar atmospheres using a modified mixing-length theory

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Convective Flow, Mixing Length Flow Theory, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Models, Abundance, Atmospheric Composition, Atmospheric Models, Opacity, Optical Thickness, Stellar Gravitation, Stellar Spectra, Stellar Temperature

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The ATLAS model atmosphere program is modified to incorporate two recently proposed changes to the standard mixing-length theory of convection. These changes are (1) the use of horizontally averaged opacity in place of the opacity at the average horizontal temperature and (2) the use of a variable mixing length. The resulting changes in the structure of the atmosphere are studied by systematically varying effective temperature, surface gravity, and composition. It is found that the modified model atmospheres exhibit the following changes: (1) convection transports a smaller fraction of the total flux; (2) the convection zone is generally narrower, and the variation of F(conv)/F(total) with depth is smoother; (3) the temperature is higher in the convective region; (4) the model is brighter in the spectral region between 1500 and 2000 A; and (5) there are small, systematic flux differences in the visual spectral region.

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