Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
1994-06-22
Phys.Rev.D50:4944-4956,1994
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
22, CGPG-94/6-3
Scientific paper
10.1103/PhysRevD.50.4944
{\sl A Hamiltonian framework for 2+1 dimensional gravity coupled with matter (satisfying positive energy conditions) is considered in the asymptotically flat context. It is shown that the total energy of the system is non-negative, vanishing if and only if space-time is (globally) Minkowskian. Furthermore, contrary to one's experience with usual field theories, the Hamiltonian is} {\rm bounded from above}. This is a genuinely non-perturbative result. {\sl In the presence of a space-like Killing field, 3+1 dimensional vacuum general relativity is equivalent to 2+1 dimensional general relativity coupled to certain matter fields. Therefore, our expression provides, in particular, a formula for energy per-unit length (along the symmetry direction) of gravitational waves with a space-like symmetry in 3+1 dimensions. A special case is that of cylindrical waves which have two hypersurface orthogonal, space-like Killing fields. In this case, our expression is related to the ``c-energy'' in a non-polynomial fashion. While in the weak field limit, the two agree, in the strong field regime they differ significantly. By construction, our expression yields the generator of the time-translation in the full theory, and therefore represents the physical energy in the gravitational field.} \footnote{$^1$}{This is a detailed account of the results presented in the Brill-Misner symposium at the University of Maryland in May1993}
Ashtekar Abhay
Varadarajan Madhavan
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