A Statistical Study of Sub-Hour Flares of the VHE Gamma-Ray Emission of Markarian 421 During a High Flux State in 2001

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Gamma-Ray, Galactic Nuclei, Circumnuclear Matter, And Bulges, Black Holes

Scientific paper

From January to April 2001 the active galactic nucleus Markarian 421 showed a persistent high-flux state and frequent flares with unprecedentedly rapid rise and fall times in the very-high energy domain. We analyze the flare rise and fall times in a large 56-night data sample with rather large statistics obtained with the HEGRA telescope CT1. A fine time-structure analysis reveals typical rise and fall doubling times of about 20-30 minutes. The shortest detected rise and fall doubling times are 10-15 minutes. The central black-hole mass of Mkn 421 implies that this rapid variability cannot be explained by objects moving around its last stable orbit.

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